Oxo-Functionalized Graphene as a Cell Membrane Carrier of Nucleic Acid Probes Controlled by Aging
Journal article, 2016
We applied a fluorescein-containing oligonucleotide ( ON) to probe surface properties of oxidized graphene ( oxo-G) and observed that graphene-like patches are formed upon aging of oxo-G, indicated by enhanced probe binding and by FTIR spectroscopic analysis. By using a recently developed fluorogenic endoperoxide ( EP) probe, we confirmed that during the aging process the amount of EPs on the oxo-G surface is reduced. Furthermore, aging was found to strongly affect cell membrane carrier properties of this material. In particular, freshly prepared oxo-G does not act as a carrier, whereas oxo-G aged for 28 days at 4 degrees C is an excellent carrier. Based on these data we prepared an optimized oxo-G, which has a low-defect density, binds ONs, is not toxic, and acts as cell membrane carrier. We successfully applied this material to design fluorogenic probes of representative intracellular nucleic acids 28S rRNA and beta-actin-mRNA. The results will help to standardize oxidized graphene derivatives for biomedical and bioanalytical applications.
oligonucleotides
dna
oxo-functionalized graphene
spectroscopy
carbon framework
stability
nano-graphene
Chemistry
oxide
spectroscopy
mechanisms
origin
reduction
aging
graphene oxide
challenges
Author
H. Pieper
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
C. E. Halbig
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
L. Kovbasyuk
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M. R. Filipovic
Institut Biochimie et Genetique Cellulaires, Bordeaux
Siegfried Eigler
Chalmers, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry
A. Mokhir
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Chemistry - A European Journal
0947-6539 (ISSN) 1521-3765 (eISSN)
Vol. 22 43 15389-15395Areas of Advance
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Subject Categories (SSIF 2011)
Physical Chemistry
Nano Technology
DOI
10.1002/chem.201603063